Health Literacy

Understand your medical check-up

Confused by the numbers on your lab report? Here you learn what each marker means, its normal range, and what is generally advised — in plain language.

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A tool to UNDERSTAND, not a diagnosis. Health decisions stay with your doctor.

What common lab markers mean

An MCU report usually shows your value next to a normal range. Here is a short explanation of markers you'll often see. This is general education — not an assessment of your results.

Total Cholesterol

Typical reference range: < 200 mg/dL

An overall picture of cholesterol in the blood. A high value relates to long-term heart-disease risk, but it should be read together with LDL and HDL, not on its own.

LDL (“bad” cholesterol)

Typical reference range: < 100 mg/dL (optimal)

High LDL tends to build up in blood-vessel walls. The ideal target varies with each person's risk factors.

HDL (“good” cholesterol)

Typical reference range: > 40 mg/dL (men), > 50 mg/dL (women)

HDL helps carry cholesterol back to the liver. Here, a higher value is generally better.

Triglycerides

Typical reference range: < 150 mg/dL

Another form of fat in the blood, influenced by diet (sugar & carbs), alcohol, and physical activity.

Fasting Blood Sugar

Typical reference range: 70–100 mg/dL

Sugar level after fasting. 100–125 is often called prediabetes; above that is worth discussing with a doctor for follow-up.

HbA1c

Typical reference range: < 5.7%

Your average blood sugar over roughly the last 3 months. Useful for seeing a trend rather than a single point in time.

Blood Pressure

Typical reference range: around 120/80 mmHg

The top (systolic) and bottom (diastolic) numbers. Consistently high relates to heart workload; one high reading isn't necessarily hypertension.

Hemoglobin (Hb)

Typical reference range: 13–17 g/dL (men), 12–15 g/dL (women)

The oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Low can relate to anemia; high has other causes worth investigating.

Uric Acid

Typical reference range: 3.4–7.0 mg/dL (men), 2.4–6.0 mg/dL (women)

A product of purine breakdown. High relates to joint-pain (gout) risk in some people.

SGOT / SGPT (liver enzymes)

Typical reference range: roughly < 40 U/L

Enzymes that leak into the blood when liver cells are stressed. Slightly high can have many causes; interpretation is for a doctor.

Example analysis (sample data)

This is what an analysis looks like. The numbers below are FICTIONAL — an example only.

This is an example — not your data

Important: This tool helps you UNDERSTAND your lab results — it is not a diagnosis and not a substitute for a doctor. For any health decision, consult a doctor.

Medical Check-Up result (example)

For: Sample PatientExam date: 12 August 2026

Summary: Most markers are within the normal range, with total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar slightly above the reference range. This is an illustrative example, not a medical assessment.

Things to pay attention to

Total Cholesterol 228 mg/dL Mild

Why it matters: Above the reference range relates to long-term heart risk.

What you can do: Cut fried & saturated-fat foods, add more fiber.

Fasting Blood Sugar 108 mg/dL Mild

Why it matters: In the range often called prediabetes.

What you can do: Limit sugary drinks; ask a doctor about follow-up testing.

Marker details

Marker	Value	Normal range	Status
Total Cholesterol An overall picture of cholesterol in the blood.	▲ 228 mg/dL	< 200 mg/dL	Needs attention
HDL The “good” cholesterol that helps clear blood vessels.	52 mg/dL	> 40 mg/dL	Normal
LDL Cholesterol that tends to build up when too high.	▲ 150 mg/dL	< 100 mg/dL	Needs attention
Fasting Blood Sugar Sugar level after fasting; slightly above range.	▲ 108 mg/dL	70–100 mg/dL	Needs attention
Blood Pressure The heart's workload while pumping blood.	118/78 mmHg	~120/80 mmHg	Normal
Hemoglobin The oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.	14.6 g/dL	13–17 g/dL	Normal

Eating suggestions

Add fibrous vegetables and fruit to every meal.
Choose lean protein (fish, skinless chicken, tofu/tempeh).
Cut fried food, rich coconut milk, and sugary drinks.
Swap some white rice for whole grains.

Exercise suggestions

Brisk walk 30 minutes, 5 times a week.
Strength training twice a week.
Sit less — stand/move every hour.

Lifestyle suggestions

Sleep 7–8 hours for steadier metabolism.
Manage stress with breathing exercises or a hobby.

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